A methodological approach of climatological modelling of air temperature and precipitation through GIS techniques

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1823-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Ninyerola ◽  
Xavier Pons ◽  
Joan M. Roure
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

scholarly journals Climatological modeling of monthly air temperature and precipitation in Egypt through GIS techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A El Kenawy ◽  
JI López-Moreno ◽  
S M.Vicente-Serrano ◽  
F Morsi
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

scholarly journals Aridity Indices to Assess Desertification Susceptibility: A Methodological Approach Using Gridded Climate Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Cassiano dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Bastos Lyra ◽  
Marcel Carvalho de Abreu ◽  
José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior ◽  
Leonardo Bohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Aridity Indices

Abstract Desertification is a land degradation phenomenon with dire and irreversible consequences, affecting different regions of the world. Assessment of spatial susceptibility to desertification requires long-term series of precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (PET). An approach to desertification analysis is the use of spatially gridded time series of air temperature and precipitation, derived from spatial interpolation of in situ measurements and available globally. The aim of this article was to estimate the susceptibility to desertification over Southeast Brazil using monthly gridded data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), and from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). Two indices were used to estimate desertification susceptibility: the aridity index Ia (P/PET) and D (PET/P). Validation of these datasets was performed using in situ observations (1961—2010) from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) – (68 weather stations). Determination coefficient (r²) and the Willmott’s coefficient of agreement (d) between gridded and observed data revealed satisfactory accuracy and precision for grids of precipitation (r2 > 0.93, d > 0.90), air temperature (r2 > 0.94, d > 0.53) and PET (r2 > 0.93, d > 0.63). Areas susceptible to desertification were identified by the index Ia over the Northern regions of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states. No areas susceptible to desertification were identified using the index D. However, both indices indicated large areas of dry sub-humid climate, which can be strongly affected by drought conditions. Overall, climate gridded variables presented good precision and accuracy when used to identify areas susceptible to desertification.

scholarly journals High correlation between winter precipitation and air temperature in heavy-snowfall areas in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Takeuchi ◽  
Yasoichi Endo ◽  
Shigeki Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Precipitation Ratio ◽  
Term Data

AbstractLong-term data of winter air temperature and precipitation were analyzed and the correlation between them investigated in order to identify the factors influencing snow reduction during the recent warmer winters in the heavy-snowfall areas in Japan. A high negative correlation between winter precipitation and air temperature was identified in the heavy-snowfall areas on the Sea of Japan side in the center of the main island (Honshu). It was confirmed that precipitation is mainly caused by cold winter monsoons, and thus correlates to a large extent with air temperature in these areas. The precipitation decrease can be considered an effective factor for the recent reduction in snow as well as the snowfall to precipitation ratio. This should be taken into account for a better prediction of snow reduction in relation to global warming.

scholarly journals Sensitivities of glacier mass balance and runoff to climate perturbations in Norway

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (70) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Engelhardt ◽  
Thomas V. Schuler ◽  
Liss M. Andreassen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Southern Norway

AbstractThis study evaluates sensitivities of glacier mass balance and runoff to both annual and monthly perturbations in air temperature and precipitation at four highly glacierized catchments: Engabreen in northern Norway and Ålfotbreen, Nigardsbreen and Storbreen, which are aligned along a west–east profile in southern Norway. The glacier mass-balance sensitivities to changes in annual air temperature range from 1.74 m w.e. K−1 for Ålfotbreen to 0.55 m w.e. K−1 for Storbreen, the most maritime and the most continental glaciers in this study, respectively. The runoff sensitivities of all catchments are 20–25% per degree temperature change and 6–18% for a 30% precipitation change. A seasonality of the sensitivities becomes apparent. With increasing continentality, the sensitivity of mass balance and runoff to temperature perturbations during summer increases, and the sensitivity of annual runoff to both temperature and precipitation perturbations is constricted towards changes during the ablation period. Comparing sensitivities in northern and southern Norway, as well as the variability across southern Norway, reveals that continentality influences sensitivities more than latitude does.

scholarly journals Seasonal Surface Air Temperature and Precipitation in the FSU Climate Model Coupled to the CLM2

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3217-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Shin ◽  
S. Cocke ◽  
T. E. LaRow ◽  
James J. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Convective Scheme

Abstract The current Florida State University (FSU) climate model is upgraded by coupling the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model Version 2 (CLM2) as its land component in order to make a better simulation of surface air temperature and precipitation on the seasonal time scale, which is important for crop model application. Climatological and seasonal simulations with the FSU climate model coupled to the CLM2 (hereafter FSUCLM) are compared to those of the control (the FSU model with the original simple land surface treatment). The current version of the FSU model is known to have a cold bias in the temperature field and a wet bias in precipitation. The implementation of FSUCLM has reduced or eliminated this bias due to reduced latent heat flux and increased sensible heat flux. The role of the land model in seasonal simulations is shown to be more important during summertime than wintertime. An additional experiment that assimilates atmospheric forcings produces improved land-model initial conditions, which in turn reduces the biases further. The impact of various deep convective parameterizations is examined as well to further assess model performance. The land scheme plays a more important role than the convective scheme in simulations of surface air temperature. However, each convective scheme shows its own advantage over different geophysical locations in precipitation simulations.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 4. Carbon exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luomeng Chao ◽  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Rui Gu ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Carbon Exchange ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Gross Ecosystem Productivity

Aspects of carbon exchange were investigated in typical steppe east of Xilinhot city in Inner Mongolia. Four treatments with four replicates were imposed in a randomised block design: Control (C), warming (T), increased precipitation (P) and combined warming and increased precipitation (TP). Increased precipitation significantly increased both ecosystem respiration (ER) and soil respiration (SR) rates. Warming significantly reduced the ER rate but not the SR rate. The combination of increased precipitation and warming produced an intermediate response. The sensitivity of ER and SR to soil temperature and air temperature was assessed by calculating Q10 values: the increase in respiration for a 10°C increase in temperature. Q10 was lowest under T and TP, and highest under P. Both ER and SR all had significantly positive correlation with soil moisture. Increased precipitation increased net ecosystem exchange and gross ecosystem productivity, whereas warming reduced them. The combination of warming and increased precipitation had an intermediate effect. Both net ecosystem exchange and gross ecosystem productivity were positively related to soil moisture and negatively related to soil and air temperature. These findings suggest that predicted climate change in this region, involving both increased precipitation and warmer temperatures, will increase the net ecosystem exchange in the Stipa steppe meaning that the ecosystem will fix more carbon.

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